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Tipitaka
The Pali Canon
The Tipitaka (Pali ti, "three," + pitaka,
"baskets"), or Pali Canon, is the collection of primary Pali language texts
which form the doctrinal foundation of Theravada Buddhism. The Tipitaka and the
post-canonical texts (commentaries,
chronicles, etc.) together constitute the complete body of classical
Theravada texts.
The Pali Canon is a vast body of literature: in English
translation the texts add up to thousands of printed pages. Most (but not all)
of the Canon has already been published in English over the years. Although only
a small fraction of these texts are available on this website, this collection
can be a good place to start.
The three divisions of the Tipitaka are:
-
Vinaya Pitaka
- The collection of texts concerning the rules of conduct
governing the daily affairs within the Sangha — the community of bhikkhus
(ordained monks) and bhikkhunis (ordained nuns). Far more than merely
a list of rules, the Vinaya Pitaka also includes the stories behind the
origin of each rule, providing a detailed account of the Buddha's solution
to the question of how to maintain communal harmony within a large and
diverse spiritual community.
-
Sutta Pitaka
- The collection of suttas, or discourses, attributed to
the Buddha and a few of his closest disciples, containing all the central
teachings of Theravada Buddhism. (More than nine hundred sutta translations
are available on this website.) The suttas are divided among five nikayas
(collections):
-
Abhidhamma Pitaka
- The collection of texts in which the underlying doctrinal
principles presented in the Sutta Pitaka are reworked and reorganized into a
systematic framework that can be applied to an investigation into the nature
of mind and matter.
For further reading
-
Where can I find a copy of the complete Pali Canon
(Tipitaka)? (Frequently Asked Question)
-
Beyond the Tipitaka: A Field Guide to Post-canonical Pali
Literature
-
A Guide to Learning the Pali Language
offers some suggestions for people interested in learning the language.
- Handbook of Pali Literature,
by Somapala Jayawardhana (Colombo: Karunaratne & Sons, Ltd., 1994). A
guide, in dictionary form, through the Pali Canon, with detailed
descriptions of the major landmarks in the Canon.
- An Analysis of the Pali Canon,
Russell Webb, ed. (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1975). An
indispensable "roadmap" and outline of the Pali Canon. Contains an
excellent index listing suttas by name.
- Guide to Tipitaka, U Ko
Lay, ed. (Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1990). Another excellent
outline of the Tipitaka, containing summaries of many important suttas.
- Buddhist Dictionary, by
Nyanatiloka Mahathera (Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1980). A
classic handbook of important terms and concepts in Theravada Buddhism.
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